Research on Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance in the Dairy Farm Environment in a Part of Shandong Province.

Antimicrobials are extensively utilized in dairy farms to prevent and control diseases in cattle. However, their use contributes to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARG), and these can be transmitted to the environment. Regular monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is crucial for implementing effective mitigation strategies. This research aimed to assess the environmental microbial species present on dairy farms in Shandong Province and characterize the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates. Five dairy farms located in Shandong Province were selected, representing the prevalent large-scale farming patterns in the area. Sampling took place from April to June 2022, with a total of 223 isolates collected from various environmental locations within each farm (bedding, sports field, and milking parlor). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was employed to identify the species of the clinical isolates. The main pathogens isolated were Aerococcus viridans (5.38%, n = 12), Corynebacterium xerosis (4.93%, n = 11), and Acinetobacter lwoffii (4.03%, n = 9). Among the bacterial isolates, resistance to lincomycin was highest at 91%, and 88% were resistant to sulfadiazine. Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in only a small proportion of the isolates, the most common of which was sul1. These findings highlight the necessity for careful evaluation of antimicrobial usage in maintaining their effectiveness in human medicine. Understanding the microbial species present and their antimicrobial resistance profiles aids in focusing efforts toward sustainable antimicrobial use and safeguarding human health.

Treatment of Thoracic Tuberculosis Through Posterior Costal Transverse Joint Window: A Clinical Study.

BACKGROUND: The surgical treatment of thoracic spinal tuberculosis has garnered enormous interest from researchers toward the development of posterior surgical techniques that have contributed to greater use of the 1-stage posterior approach. This study aims to demonstrate the initial clinical experience of a modified total posterior approach, in which the 1-stage posterior approach preserves the posterior spinal column structure by combining with the endoprosthetic implant fusion for thoracic spinal tuberculosis. METHODS: In this clinical study, we intended to report the initial idea of a modified total posterior approach. In detail, a 1-stage posterior approach was applied to preserve the posterior spinal column structure that could be applied to clinical practice. RESULTS: The employed practical procedure presented a reduced duration of surgical intervention and intraoperative trauma. Nevertheless, further studies with large samples and multiple centers are required to explore the idea comprehensively. CONCLUSIONS: This approach offered some advantages in terms of intraoperative exposure, blood loss volume, and length of surgery. Further, multicenter studies with large samples are needed to understand the precise effects and implications of the approach.

Platycodon grandiflorus Polysaccharides Alleviate Cr(VI)-Induced Apoptosis in DF-1 Cells via ROS-Drp1 Signal Pathway.

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a widespread heavy metal that has been identified as a human carcinogen, and acute or chronic exposure to Cr(VI) can cause organ damage. Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide (PGPS) is a constituent extracted from the Chinese herb Platycodon grandiflorus, which has various pharmacological effects. Therefore, the author investigated the role of PGPSt in Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis in chicken embryo fibroblast cell lines (DF-1 cells). Firstly, this study infected DF-1 cells using Cr(VI) to set up a model for cytotoxicity and then added PGPSt. Then, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and apoptosis rate were evaluated. The results showed that PGPSt could inhibit Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial damage and increase the apoptosis rate. For further exploration of the mechanism of regulation of PGPSt, the ROS-Drp1 pathway was investigated. The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and mitochondrial division inhibitor 1(Mdivi-1) were added, respectively. The results showed that the NAC and Mdivi-1 restored abnormal mitochondrial fission and cell apoptosis. Thus, PGPSt can alleviate Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis of DF-1 cells through the ROS-Drp1 signaling pathway, which may suggest new research ideas for developing new drugs to alleviate Cr(VI) toxicity.

An Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) Mode Reconfigurable Antenna for Channel Capacity Improvement and Digital Data Encoding.

For purpose of utilizing orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode diversity, multiple OAM beams should be generated preferably by a single antenna. In this paper, an OAM mode reconfigurable antenna is proposed. Different from the existed OAM antennas with multiple ports for multiple OAM modes transmitting, the proposed antenna with only a single port, but it can be used to transmit mode 1 or mode -1 OAM beams arbitrary by controlling the PIN diodes on the feeding network through a programmable microcontroller which control by a remote controller. Simulation and measurement results such as return loss, near-field and far-field radiation patterns of two operating states for mode 1 and mode -1, and OAM mode orthogonality are given. The proposed antenna can serve as a candidate for utilizing OAM diversity, namely phase diversity to increase channel capacity at 2.4 GHz. Moreover, an OAM-mode based encoding method is experimentally carried out by the proposed OAM mode reconfigurable antenna, the digital data are encoded and decoded by different OAM modes. At the transmitter, the proposed OAM mode reconfigurable antenna is used to encode the digital data, data symbol 0 and 1 are mapped to OAM mode 1 and mode -1, respectively. At the receiver, the data symbols are decoded by phase gradient method.